Pojar, J. 1975. Hummingbird flowers of British Columbia Syesis 8:25-28

Aquilegia formosa, Castilleja hispida, C. miniata, C. rhexifolia, C. rupicola, Gilia aggregata, Lonicera ciliosa, Ribes lobbii, and Stachys cooleyae are the plant species in British Columbia which best fit the syndrome of hummingbird pollination. Impatiens capensis, I. noli-tangere, Lilium columbianum, Lonicera dioica, Monarda fistulosa, Ribes sanguineum, and Rubus spectabilis have mixed or transitional pollination strategies, being pollinated by both insects and hummingbirds. Examples of opportunistic nectar foraging by hummingbirds are recorded for several other species.